Category: history

un vietnamien bien tranquille

| Categories: history, literature | Tags: ,

Having a time to read some notable documents: The spy who loved us – Thomas Bass, and The perfect spy – Larry Berman. At first, I’d thought: oh, all these stories I’ve knew quite well already, there’s no need to read more. But then I considered it’s good to be reflective, reading the same stories in another language, from other points of view.

I’d read these two books (in English), which contains quite some interpreting errors (most of them are unintentional I think) then I proceeded to their Vietnamese translations (which are really bad, lots of linguistic mistakes), but again another reflections of reflections. All readings confirmed my understanding about the Vietnamese legendary intelligence agent Phạm Xuân Ẩn, whose role is now recognized as crucially decisive in the second IndoChina war.

Espionage and Journalism

As the first IndoChina war was approaching its end, the Việt Minh leaders knew that it’s just a matter of time before the American get their hands in. They had lived and fought with the French long enough that they had extensively well understanding on their enemy, the same is not true for the Americans. During the 9 years of the first IndoChina war, Ẩn had already worked against the French, under his cousin Phạm Xuân Giai, head of South Vietnam’s Cinquième Bureau – department for psychological warfare, who was working for the French’s Deuxième Bureau.

In 1957, Phạm Xuân Ẩn was ordered to go to the States, studying journalism (as a cover), learning their language, culture, their way of thinking… a preparation that later turned out to have devastating effects. During the time in America (and even long before), Ẩn has developed a sympathy (if not admiration) for American people and culture, and at the same time, touting his horns in a war to come against them.

These two professions were very contradictory, but also very similar. The intelligence job involves collecting information, analyzing it, and jealously keeping it secret, like a cat covering its droppings. The journalist, on the other hand, collects information, analyzes it, and then publishes it to the world. (Phạm Xuân Ẩn)

Information and disinformation

Upon coming back (1959), Ẩn worked for several presses: Việt Tấn Xã, Reuters, Time… Among all journalists in Saigon at the time, Ẩn is considered to be the best informants: new – comers introduced with him for guidances, seasoned ones seeked him for tips. He had various sources in the governments, army officers, secret polices… he had the best ears on the ground for everything. He is dubbed: “the weatherman” who foretell the political atmosphere, generals consulted him before planning coup d’état, the Buddhist monks informed him in advance if they prepare a protestant self – burning.

He made very good friend and closed cooperation with Edward Lansdale, head of IndoChina CIA division, the legendary agent nick – named: the king – maker, who manipulated every puppets on the Southern political stage, yet Lansdale had never doubted it. People was thinking he could be a CIA agent, a French sûreté, a South VN secret police, or he could be both. But none ever thought of him working for the Red NLF.

After the war, upon learning about the fact, some of his colleagues have tried to prove that Ẩn could had been giving disinformation at times. In fact, all his written records at the Time magazine (where he worked for 10 years) proved the opposite. Had he done it, with all the overwhelming clandestine agents among the presses, things could have easily been cross – checked and that would betray Ẩn, the espionage. And he of course hadn’t made those preliminary mistakes.

The source had given me the story on condition that I shouldn’t reveal it before it happened. These are the ethics of the press. You have to observe them, no matter how tough it may be. These are also the ethics of an intelligence agent who knows the propaganda value of burning monks. (Phạm Xuân Ẩn)

Balance and Objective

One thing Ẩn learned in American news career is that: a writing must be well – balanced, not biased in any directions, and at the same time it has to be objective, giving useful information to help coming to some helpful conclusions. Yet the two are usually contradictory. Similarly, questions have been raised about the nature of a man who lived an extremely dangerous double life for 30 years, about the one who deeply admires American culture but fiercefully fights against them.

In fact, Ẩn made true friend to many American journalists, help them in many cases, many of whom still love him even after learning that he was a spy. Many would recall how he saved the life of Robert Sam Anson, the war correspondent who was arrested by the VC in Cambodia. Ẩn came closest to getting discovered when he promised to Anson’s wife (who was begging for help) that he would do everything he could, a dangerous remark which implies he really could do something. Anson was later released as per request Ẩn made to his superiors, a truth Anson would only know for sure years later.

He was a man of wisdom, courage, and clear – headed patriotism. He was also – even if it seems ironic to say this under the circumstances – a man of extraordinary integrity. He loved us at our best even while confronting us at our worst. (Daniel Ellsberg)

Strategy and Tactic

A pattern in Ẩn’s stories, as usual, as an amusing raconteur: I’m a strategic analyst, I was concentrating on background information and situation assessment. Yet it’s a reason he gives in order not to get into too much details that he wouldn’t want to release even in the next 50 years: that’s related to too many people, many have died, but some still alive with their relatives, there’s no reason to cause harm to them anyway (Ẩn has always been loyal and protective to his information sources, from either sides, many of which is built upon personal relations).

But Western researchers found this an “undeniable fact”: he’s been awarded with 16 medals, among which 2 are general (one “Hero of the People’s Army” medal, the highest military award in VN, and another medal for “50 years of Party’s service”), the other 14 are all credited to specific battles, 4 of which is apparently known: the Ấp Bắc battle (1963), the Tết offensive (1968), the Lam Sơn 1972 operation, and the final 1975 campaign. That gives some obvious hints on his role as a tactical adviser who devised detailed tactics to be used in various battles.

He would have had enough knowledge of the battlefield tactics, rules of engagement, logistics and battle – readiness of both the Vietnamese and Americans in that area at that time to give pretty good advice on the way to set up a trap for them. Certainly Ấp Bắc had the hallmarks of a trap. (Nick Turner)

Nguyễn Văn Tào (nom de guerre: Tư Cang), head of the H.63 spy ring, direct ‘boss’ of Phạm Xuân Ẩn, famous for his ability of pistol shooting with both hands, and never miss a shot.

Phạm Xuân Ẩn (nom de guerre: Hai Trung), the strategic analyzer whose information, documents, assessments… greatly changed the pace of war.

Nguyễn Văn Thương (nom de guerre: Hai Thương), one of the couriers who run Ẩn’s messages. He was arrested, tortured, both his 2 legs were cut off six times, each without any narcotic. He could had saved his life, but he chose to save the network.

How could someone so voluble and open about his life be a spy? How could someone so funny and pointed in his remarks about human stupidity be a Communist? …He was a divided man of utter integrity, someone who lived a lie and always told the truth. (Thomas Bass)

Communists and Nationalists

This is the point of hatred conflicting among Vietnamese communities for so many years. My point of view, which is also reflected tho – throughly throughout the books (can be seen as 2 American views) is that: the communists, they had an ideologue (no matter right or wrong it could be), and they had determinations. On that basics, they’d had detailed planning and extensive efforts to carry it out, and they’d made sacrifices to carry it out to the end. The same is not true with the so called southerners’ nationalism.

As long as the Americans were pumping money in, the Southern government staffs were trying to steal as much as possible, and pretend to be supportive to the Americans’ causes while avoiding fights and casualties on the battle fields. They’d lost, as they presented nothing, not nationalists, not even anti – communists, but only their own personal and family’s interests. The consequence can be seen clearly: the majority of southern people took side, they have always been sympathetic to the Communists’ national independence causes, although they’re not communists.

Communism and Patriotism

It would eventually become clear why so many people have made extreme efforts and sacrifices, it was not because of any ideology. Of the total 43 members of the H.63 espionage network, 25 were captured, tortured, many of them chose to die, but the network remained unbroken. They were couriers, who in 15 continuous years, ran the total 498 messages (reports) from Phạm Xuân Ẩn to the Iron Triangle Củ Chi, from where it would be delivered directly to the Politburo in Hà Nội. Ẩn always kept an poison pill in his pocket, ready for a death that was hanging over him for those 15 years.

Many who survived the war found themselves disillusioned with the post – war living, finding that the new regime has become even more corrupted than the previous one, and that is not what they were fighting for. Yet they were fighting not for any individual, any ideology, any government… Many failed to realize it is patriotism in the truest and deepest meaning! Phạm Xuân Ẩn to the last year of his life, works as an consultant to TC2 (the Vietnamese equivalence of Deuxième Bureau), who doesn’t understand and doesn’t trust him, but badly need his razor – sharp analyses and assessments.

Lessons learnt

If something can be learnt from Phạm Xuân Ẩn’s life, it’s something about cultural understanding. While most VC has very limited knowledge about American culture and values, they’d succeeded in cultivating at least one spy who could think like an American, a spy who loved Americans and was loved by them in return. That way he can get deep into the adversary’s mind and soul, and know the way to defeat them.

It’s all about understanding, the French had stayed in Vietnam for a considerable amount of time, they’d learnt to divide and conquer the Vietnamese, a job they’d done excellently. It took a few generations to absorb their culture, to gain enough understanding to have successful retaliations. What the American had done in Vietnam to some extent was repeating things the French had done already, in a far larger scale.

Those above are indeed the small part of the lessons. Ẩn said: the American are very good at collecting and analyzing information, but they don’t know what to do with them (at least in scopes of the Vietnam war). Similarly, we can say: the Vietnamese know how to obtain a victory (or it supposes to be called so), but then they don’t know what to do with it. Phạm Xuân Ẩn in person is a talkative one, he can talk about his thinking all day.

But as a spy, a strategic analyzer, he is actually a very quite Vietnamese, who had much more profound thoughts and understanding but can’t say it out. Lots of our own problems are briefly reflected throughout the American books, but they’re not recognized tho – throughly by our own people… Things get passed silently in our sleeping – pleasing minds until another war, another revolution that is… just pending.

The spy who loved us – Thomas Bass (pdf.tar.gz) (mobi.tar.gz)

Perfect spy – Larry Berman (pdf.tar.gz) (mobi.tar.gz)

hoàn kiếm turtle

| Categories: history | Tags: , ,
Ai về xứ Bắc ta đi với,
Thăm lại non sông giống Lạc Hồng.
Từ độ mang gươm đi mở cõi,
Trời Nam thương nhớ đất Thăng Long!

This could be the last living turtle in Hoàn Kiếm lake and among the lone 4 surviving individuals (2 in China and 2 in Vietnam). The specie is known to be the largest soft – shell turtle in the world.

In 1967, this turtle died (the body preserved at Ngọc Sơn temple), leaving the turtle above the last one. His post – mortem measures: 2.1 x 1.2 meter in size, 250 kg in weight, estimated age at 400 years.

Recently, there’s been much activities on protecting the last specimen of turtle living in Hoàn Kiếm lake. Preserving efforts are being taken place to: improve his living conditions and try to mate him with similar turtles in the hope of producing offspring. All Vietnamese was taught at elementary school legends behind this sacred Hoàn Kiếm turtle. And through out our history, the turtle appeared at crucial moments for not just one time… It’s the Golden Turtle who assisted King An Dương Vương in building the ancient citadel of Cổ Loa (~ 257 BC).

The turtle later helped the king in creating a multi – shot crossbow that destroyed the Northern invaders… In the last “known” advent, the Golden Turtle was sent to reclaim the Heaven’s Will Sword, which was given to Lê Lợi who carried out a 10 years resistance war and regained Vietnam’s independence. Much like King Arthur and his sword Excalibur, myths on a sword with super power sent to assist the hero is unlikely. However, the story’s moral is much more likely and profound indeed:

One year after winning, declaring independence and becoming the Emperor (1428 AD), Lê Lợi goes for boating on a lake near his palace. In the mist of the lake, the Golden Turtle appears, advances toward the boat and asks the emperor to return the sword. It suddenly became clear to Lê Lợi that the sword was only lent to him to carry out his duty, as a powerful weapon in war time, but it now must be returned to its owner, lest it would harm him and his country if misused as it’s not the appropriate tool in peace time.

Lê Lợi draws the sword out and hands it to the Golden Turtle, who grasps it with his mouth, then disappears into deep water. Aftermath, the lake was renamed Hoàn Kiếm, which means: lake of the Returned Sword (or Sword lake for short in spoken language), now at the center of Hà Nội, Việt Nam’s capital. Wise old men argue that if this only remaining sacred creature is going to die, then who would reclaim the hammer and sickle – ☭ ?

russian movies

| Categories: history, movies, Russian

Some recently seen (in the past few weeks) post – Soviet Russian war movies: Admiral (2008), Attack on Leningrad (2009) and Brest Fortress (2010). I can’t say anything rather than: marvelous! Both these three films should be on top of greatest war films, in many aspects: acting, costume and makeup, sound & music… comparable to any other war films ever made in the West. CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) is really good but maybe still a bit after that of Hollywood.

Russian cinema has made excellent advances, less propagandic, less rigid patterns, closer to real people in real life… that the things that made the films worth watching! In my opinion, of the series of three, the later the more interesting ones (though others may have their own different idea and evaluation).

Admiral (2008)

The films recites the life of Aleksandr Kolchak, admiral of the Russian Empire Navy. Kolchak himself was a complex character, living in a complex time: a famed Polar explorer, a valorous naval commander, a passionate lover, and eventually the Supreme Governor of the anti – communist White forces. No longer ruled by a dictatorial doctrine, Russia is now seeking to bring back true images of an extremely harsh period in her history.

The film starts with glorious feats of Kolchak commanding a destroyer in the Navy, his bravery in battles, his love affair with Anna Timiryova… and then the Red October came. Kolchak becomes the Supreme Ruler of the White Russia, who fought against the Bolshevik. Kolchak has far less success as a political leader than as a naval commander, he was finally arrested and executed by the Red. After decades of being vilified by the Soviet government, Kolchak is still now a controversial figure though there’re been rehabilitation movements to restore the place he deserves in Russian history.



Attack on Leningrad (2009)

An English journalist (of Russian origin) was trapped in the besieged city of Leningrad, the war correspondent Kate Davis was assumed dead but find herself among the starving people of the city struggling for their own survival. With the help of a kind and idealistic police women Nina Tsvetnova, they live through the 900 days in that sieged hell where food shortage only permits a ration of 125 gram of bread for each person a day. Encirclement around the city was almost completed, the only supply route through lake Ladoga was called the Road of Life (and also the Road of Death).

Nina Tsvetnova later guides a soldier group attempting to re – establish the supply route across the frozen surface of the lake. As a reward, she is permitted to bring members of her family out of the city. Nina along with the journalist take one child out with them. They succeeded but decide to return to help another child. Both two women died in the terrible city but saved two children out of the 1.5 million civil death toll, half of the city’s population.



Brest Fortress (2010)

Brest fortress was the strong hold which accounts for 5% of total Germany losses in the first phase of their Russia invasion. When German started the war, the Russian was unprepared, under – powered and defeated easily, their army was in all the way to retreat, except for this fortress. Defensed by a small unit, a regiment formation of soldiers along with their families, the fortress stands for almost a month when German has already advanced hundreds of miles into Soviet territory, leaving the point an isolated symbolically heroic fortification.

Yet they fight to the last man without any food, medical and ammunition supply, without any reinforcement. Alexander Akimov, a 15 year old young cadet of the fortress lived through the bloodshed resistance, trying to help other soldiers and his girlfriend Anya. He is the lone survivor to recall the story. The film is indeed beautiful: it concentrates on normal people, their daily lives and activities, their love, hate and humanly feelings… their choices and fates against the brutalities of war!



đường chúng ta đi

| Categories: history, music | Tags: ,

Album Đường chúng ta đi – 1976 và Album Tổ quốc yêu thương – 1978

Một chứng tích của lịch sử, album nhạc đỏ (thu âm năm 1976) với sự trình diễn của các ngôi sao nhạc vàng: Lệ Thu, Họa Mi, Hà Thanh, Thanh Tuyền, Thái Châu… Lệ Thu, Hà Thanh thì hẳn ai cũng đã biết, còn Họa Mi, Thanh Tuyền… là những giọng ca chuyên hát cho phòng Tuyên truyền của quân đội VNCH cũ… Một sự kết hợp lạ lùng nhưng vẫn hay trên một khía cạnh nào đó. Biết rằng điều này là khó nghe với khá nhiều người, nhưng âm nhạc vẫn vượt ra khỏi các biên giới chính trị, dù cho cái biên giới ấy nằm trong… chính phần ca từ các bài hát!

Theo như tôi biết, rất nhiều ca sĩ, nhạc sĩ miền Nam cũ đã chọn ở lại VN sau 1975 và phần nhiều cũng đã có những bước đầu hợp tác với chính quyền mới. Chỉ sau đó, khi điều kiện sống quá khó khăn, khi có quá nhiều những ngược đãi vật chất cũng như tinh thần thì họ mới chọn con đường trở thành “boat people” mà ra đi. Như Phạm Đình Chương, Thái Thanh… chỉ ra đi sau khi bị tuyên một cái án “cấm sáng tác và trình diễn vĩnh viễn” tại VN, như Hoàng Trọng còn ở lại VN mãi đến tận năm 1992…

Lá đỏ - Thái Châu ►
Cuộc đời vẫn đẹp sao - Họa Mi, Phương Đại ►
Hà Nội niềm tin yêu hy vọng - Lệ Thu ►
Lên ngàn - Họa Mi ►
Bóng cây Knir - Họa Mi ►

Thôi thì khoan hãy bàn về cảm xúc trong các bài hát. Riêng về phần hòa âm thì có thể thấy miền Nam đi trước miền Bắc (lúc bấy giờ) rất xa trong chuyện hòa âm nhạc nhẹ. Và riêng về kỹ thuật hát thì một mình giọng ca Họa Mi cũng đã hơn đứt tất cả những ca sĩ nhạc viện được đào tạo chuyên nghiệp của miền Bắc như Lê Dung, Măng Thị Hội… (hãy nghe bài Bóng cây Knir và so sánh). Tôi có cảm giác rằng dù sao với tiếng Việt, lối hát rõ âm rõ chữ, nặng về luyến láy, hơi rung… vẫn là một lối hát truyền tải được tình cảm và phù hợp với cái tai âm nhạc Việt. Sớm muộn gì rồi lối hát này cũng sẽ trở lại…

diệc lạc hồ

| Categories: Chinese, history, literature | Tags: ,

双鸟齐飞

黄莺飞到北京都
会遇金鹏亦乐乎
大事未成行小事
双鸟齐飞至善图

Song điểu tề phi

Hoàng Oanh phi đáo Bắc Kinh đô, Hội ngộ Kim Bằng diệc lạc hồ! Đại sự vị thành, hành tiểu sự, Song điểu tề phi chí thiện đồ!

Nhân kỷ niệm 60 năm quốc khánh nước CHND Trung Hoa (1/10/1949 ~ 1/10/2009), trích đăng lại ở đây bài thơ của một nhân viên ngoại giao đoàn Việt Nam (đăng trên Tạp chí Sông Hương, 2002): Bài thơ thể hiện tình hữu nghị cao quý của nhân dân hai nước Việt – Trung. Bài thơ được làm năm 1991, sau một thời gian dài 10 năm (kể từ 1981), khi hai nước tuy không còn những đối đầu quân sự lớn, nhưng hai bên vẫn tiến hành một đường lối tạm gọi là artillery diplomatic – ngoại giao pháo binh – chân lý, lẽ phải đứng trên đầu nòng đại bác.

Các địa danh đẫm máu như Vị Xuyên, Ngọc Đường, Lũng Cú… những người từng bám trụ 10 năm ở đó đến nay vẫn nhiều người còn sống, vẫn còn kể lại chuyện ngày xưa ở đâu đó quanh đây. Trở lại với bài thơ, năm 1991, một đoàn ngoại giao VN sang TQ, những bước đi đầu tiên của tiến trình bình thường hóa quan hệ. Trưởng đoàn phía VN là ông Vũ Oanh, trưởng đoàn phía TQ là ông Lý Bằng.

Cả “Oanh” và “Bằng” đều là tên của hai loài chim (không giống nhau), như được thể hiện rất rõ trong bài thơ trên đây: Song điểu tề phi – Đôi chim cùng bay. Không cần phải biết chữ Hoa, đọc phiên âm Hán Việt hẳn mọi người cũng sẽ dễ dàng hiểu nội dung bài thơ! Chúng ta thấy lại cái điệp khúc Diệc lạc hồ ở đây! Diệc lạc hồ (hay Bất diệc lạc hồ) đều có thể hiểu theo nhiều kiểu: vui lắm thay, há không vui hay sao… hay theo phương ngữ miền Nam: vui quá hén!

văn cao – hải quân việt nam

| Categories: history, music | Tags: ,

Nếu nhạc sĩ nói chung là những con người mơ mộng thì Văn Cao là con người mơ mộng siêu việt. Ông toàn mơ về những thứ mà mãi 60, 70 năm sau chúng ta mới bắt đầu có! Có 5 bài hát được viết trong những năm 1944, 1945, trước Cách mạng tháng 8. Ngoài Tiến quân ca đã được chọn là quốc ca thì Bắc sơn là bài ca viết cho các đội du kích, Chiến sĩ Việt Nam là ca khúc cho các chiến sĩ bộ binh, Hải quân Việt Nam và Không quân Việt Nam là hai bài hát cho hải quân và không quân.

Hải quân Việt Nam ►
Không quân Việt Nam ►

Quốc ca được viết khi tác giả Văn Cao chỉ mới nghe phong phanh về mặt trận Việt Minh, còn những bài ca cho hải, lục, không quân thì được viết khi bộ binh còn là những guerrilla bands, còn hải quân và không quân hoàn toàn chưa có một chiếc canô hay tàu lượn nào, chưa nói đến những máy bay hay tàu chiến hiện đại. Mãi gần 70 năm sau khi hai bài ca được viết, VN mới bắt đầu có cái có thể gọi là Hải quân.

Việc Nga bán cho VN 6 chiếc tàu ngầm lớp Kilo, cộng với những tàu chiến đã và đang được đóng tại xưởng Ba Son (theo hợp đồng chuyển giao công nghệ từ Nga) đã chính thức hoá những tin tức đồn thổi lâu nay về việc thành lập Hạm đội biển Đông bao gồm khoảng 30 chiến hạm tương đối hiện đại, 6 tàu ngầm (Kilo-class submarine là lớp tàu tiên tiến) và vài chục máy bay đời mới. Thảo nào dạo gần đây, đài báo nói về biên giới, Trường Sa, Hoàng Sa có vẻ rõ ràng mạnh bạo hẳn lên, có đâu cứ “giấm giúi” như trước mãi!

the sorrow of war… film?

| Categories: history, literature, movies | Tags: , ,

“Better to die than surrender, my brothers! Better to die!” – the battalion commander yelled insanely; waving his pistol, and in front of Kien, he blew his own brains out through his ear. (The Sorrow of War)

An un-put-down-able novel. It should win the Pulitzer prize, but it won’t. It’s too gripping for that. (The Guardian)

Dramatic… Will force American readers to acknowledge how little they still understand of the long war that left such a legacy of grief and guilt in their own country. (The Washington Post)

The Sorrow of War has won worldwide acclaim and become an international best-seller. (Amazon.com)

A good news: 8th, May, 2008, The Sorrow of War novel will be turned into movie by an American director: Nicolas Simon. After 10 years of discussion and negotiation, Bảo Ninh, the novel’s author finally permitted making of the film based on his famous book. The producer, Dominic Scriven, a very passionate admirer and friend of the author, who now holds the book copyright and want to transfer it onto the silver screen. An even better news: 9th, Aug, 2008, author of The Sorrow of War novel stated that he wouldn’t have any further connection with the The Sorrow of War movie project.

The reason given is: film’s script is not aligned with the author’s ideas. In fact, many people is doubtful that an unnamed director would be capable of working on such a great novel, although the producer (Dominic Scriven) ‘s goodwill is widely recognized! The movie project is now paused, in searching for another director! That’s a very good thing in my opinion, in the fear that we would have another history distortion (or even worse)! A picture is worth a thousand words? That’s not always true, think twice (or read the book)! In this case, words are worth thousands of pictures (or a movie)!

The novel is, more or less, an semi – autobiography. Bảo Ninh himself (or the protagonist Kiên in the novel) was a soldier in the 24th battalion, a special formation commissioned to the B3 front (central highland) in 1969. Of the unit’s 500 man, he is among the only 10 survivors. The story is an nonlinear scatter of memories, mixed the past with the moments of post-war time: childhood, a high school’s love story, the battles, and importantly lives after war.

The Sorrow of War is without doubt timeless. Perhaps it is one of the world’s greatest war novels ever written. Imagine the film Apocalypse Now and increase its effect, say by a factor of a thousand – this is the power of Bảo Ninh’s writing. I remember shivers in my spine when first reading the book, some 15 years ago! Just surf around some online bookstores, to see what readers have said about the book:

  • If this book doesn’t make you cry, you have no soul.

  • It’s definitely not a book for everyone, and I nearly put it down during the first 50-60 pages. But, I soon became wrapped up in the story and the language.

  • Books usually lay with me on my bed and after their formal end we sleep together for a few days but after the last sentence I promptly put this right back on my shelf and am having trouble thinking about it again. I had horrible nightmares during the read.

  • This book is amazing. The story progresses thematically rather than chronologically, and leaves you piecing together historical non-fictional events… He succeeds in taking the reader on a difficult journey of emotional and spiritual crisis, right to the core of the human condition and captures a sorrowful despair like no other literature I’ve ever read.

  • Like pouring acid on your moral center…

  • Just an excellent novel. To everybody who considers The Things They Carried the penultimate work of fiction about the Vietnam War: pick up The Sorrow of War and be prepared to be blown away by the stories of a Vietnamese.

  • In fact, my view of just about everything I thought I knew about North Vietnam from the mid-60’s to the mid-70’s was altered by this book.

  • This book is unbelievably emotional. The style of writing is unique: it is not linear or chronological in any way. It is chaotic, a reflection on the subject of the book. The writing style, though chaotic, seems to be a perfected style. The book was written with total disregard to order; there is no doubt that all was deliberate.

the battle of iadrang

| Categories: history, literature, movies | Tags:
To make war all you need is intelligence.
But to win you need talent and material.
For whom the bell tolls – E. Hemingway⓵

Col.Gen. Harold Moore and Col.Gen. Nguyễn Hữu An returned to the old battlefield, Oct, 1993, exchanging their diaries, maps, operational notes, memories and friendship.

The IaDrang Campaign was to the Vietnam War what the terrible Spanish Civil War of the 1930’s was to World War II – a dress rehearsal. The place where new tactics, techniques and weapons were tested, perfected and validated. In the IaDrang, both sides claimed victory and both sides drew lessons, some of them dangerously deceptive, which echoed and resonated throughout the decade of bloody fighting and bitter sacrifice that was to come.

While those who have never known war may fail to see the logic, this story also stands as tribute to the hundreds of young men of the 320th, 33rd and 66th regiments of the Peoples Army of Vietnam who died by our hand in that place. They, too, fought and died bravely. They were a worthy enemy.

Wild flowers now grow in those places of violent death. The IaDrang from PleiMe west is uninhabited except for a few montagnards who are/have been driven out to the east near PleiKu. The Ia Drang/Chu Pong area is now known as The forest of Screaming Souls ⓶ and remains mysterious and beautiful.

Hoa dại giờ mọc đầy trên mảnh đất từng đầy rẫy chết chóc. Vùng IaDrang đến giờ vẫn không có ai cư trú, ngoại trừ một vài sắc dân miền núi đang được di dân về hướng đông gần PleiKu. IaDrang, ChưPrông nay được biết đến với cái tên Truông Gọi Hồn, vẫn nguyên vẹn huyền bí và đẹp đẽ như tự ngàn xưa.

Mar, 1965, the first U.S troops arrived in Vietnam (Danang). 8 months later, their first major engagement with the VPA in a large battle (of regimental, divisional size) took place at the Valley of IaDrang, which is since then known as the Valley of Death. Feb, 1994, President Bill Clinton announced the normalization in relationship with Vietnam. In an action to bootstrap of the process, in 1993, a film was made featuring the old bloodshed battle of IaDrang. Thus, battle of IaDrang marks the begin and end of a long-time painful and bitter relationship between the two nations. Up to the present days, lots of people from both sides still can not get it right about what had really happened then and there. The story below tries to recall the truth.

But first, about the film: We were soldiers is based on We were soldiers once… and young, a book written by Harold Moore himself, as one of the direct commanders in the battle (on the American side). It’s a Randall Wallace‘s film, the famous director of Brave Heart, Pearl Harbor, and now We were soldiers, with Mel Gibson as Lt.Col. Hal Moore, and Đơn Dương as Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An. To my disappointment, the film is no better than any other Hollywood’s films such as Black Hawk Down, solely made to demonstrate American heroism. Exactly as written in Harold Moore’s book: Hollywood got it wrong every damned time, whetting twisted political knives on the bones of our dead brothers.

The film is no exception, it takes many of the small facts of the book onto it, but only to falsely portray the historical events. In fact, the film is a distortion of facts that happened, of peoples involved in the battle, especially the figure of Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An. In a sense, the film has undermined the author Hal Moore’s (and many other American veterans) sincerity and goodwill. Hal Moore is also a man of literature talent, the following line is written upon his revisiting the old battlefield, 1993, accompanied by general An, about the battle and his old enemy (column on the left).

Strictly speaking, Lt.Col. Harold Moore was not the corresponding counterpart of Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An, he was one of the three direct commanders in the battle, a battalion under Thomas W. Brown. Nguyễn Hữu An was then the division commander of the 325th. But history has brought the two man into one battle and a rendezvous aftermath. Battle of IaDrang was actually two main battles in an operation which lasted for one month (between American 1st division and VPA’s 320th, 33rd and 66th regiments). The main confrontations were at the X-Ray and Albany landing zones, between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd battalions of the 7th cavalry regiment of the U.S army with the 7th, 8th, 9th battalions of the 66th regiment (and one company of the 33th regiment) of the VPA. Hence, in formations’ numbers, the two sides have equal forces.

Contrary to many many sources, Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An did not have any advantages in power comparison, even in number of man. All his infantry battalions are light-armed units, with just some mortars. On the adversary side are air assault and air mobility cavalry units, with superior fire power support. From the air, an average number of 300 sorties per day was made, with all available air units in south Vietnam, and on land, field artillery came in heavy use. So the ratio here is at least 3:1 with the weaker is the Vietnamese side. Some sources give intentionally wrong information like: the landing troop of 400 man was surrounded by 4,000 soldiers, in fact, 4,000 was number in the whole area (not each individual landing zone), in the same way, we can say: two VPA regiments confronted with forces of the 1st division (a typical American division has at least 20,000 personnel).

The battle witnessed extreme uses of fire power: for the first time in history, strategic bombers B52 are used for tactical roles, air mobility by helicopters reached the highest level ever since the start of WWII. The VPA learned that they could neutralize the effectiveness of that fire power by quickly engaging American forces at close range, thus turned the battle into a close-quarter struggles with mainly knife, bayonet and other small arms. A series of well-planed ambushes turned the American situation to desperate. Finally, they know that they can not deny or hide an obvious defeat, then dropped napalm bombs to clear all vestiges, sacrificing all, including man of their own. This is known as one of the most savage battle and can be considered as microcosm of the whole war.

The American casualties is about 700, the Vietnamese is about 1100, a victory to Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An in consideration to forces participated in the confrontation. The battle set up, for the first time, an example in which a modern Calvary division can be defeated (Calvary division was then a new concept of air assault and air mobility units, formed firstly in the Vietnam war). In fact, the battle is blueprint of tactics successfully anticipated by Lt.Col. Nguyễn Hữu An, many interesting details can be found in his memoir (all details, facts, formations, numbers, estimations… in this post can be confirmed by both 2 memoirs from the 2 sides). He is named: the General of Battles for his exceptional talent in tactical problems. The man is among only a few number of generals in Vietnam who truly gained respect from the people, not only for his success in military career but also for his righteous attitude toward history and moral principles he’s practiced in life.

⓵⏎ Hemingway’s words were true in the Spanish civil war, but it’s not true anymore in the Vietnam war. Even with talent and material, you still can not win it.

⓶⏎ The phrase: The forest of Screaming Souls may have been first introduced in the famous Vietnamese novel The sorrow of war by Bảo Ninh. The author (also the main character Kiên in the novel) was also a soldier in this B3 (Central Highland) front.

the rain on the leaves

| Categories: history, music, Phạm-Duy, Thái-Thanh | Tags: , ,

Some interesting recently – collected video documents: Phạm Duy with Steve Addiss on his song: Giọt mưa trên lá (the rain on the leaves) and Phạm Duy with the legendary Pete Seeger and the American folk song Clementine. Center image: the original poster of the song, and the original Vietnamese rendition (by the singer Thái Thanh) on the left.

Giọt mưa trên lá - Thái Thanh ►
The rain on the leaves ►
Steve Addiss & Phạm Duy

It’s not an abnormal thing to see church – music – influential songs like this to be the first to catch notices from Westerners (the Vietnamese – native pentatonic is harder to digest however). Indeed the song has been thought by some as a translation of a certain American folk song, which is absolutely not. The same is applied to several other Vietnamese songs, such as this Scents of Yesteryears, which easily touch the hearts of listeners outside VN.

songs for free men

| Categories: history, music, Russian | Tags: ,

…The reasoning behind his persecution centered not only on his beliefs in socialism and friendship with the peoples of the Soviet Union but also his tireless work towards the liberation of the colonial peoples of Africa, the Caribbean and Asia, his support of the International Brigades…

Listening to Paul Robeson’s album: Songs for free men… a very lovely basso profondo concert singer (he was one of the few true basses in American music), performing spirituals. Despite being a very famous and successful singer & performer, the man was kept under strict surveillance by US and UK governments for his international activities in Labor and Anti – Colonialist movements. It’s believed that he was unsuccessfully murdered by the CIA while in Moscow. He is now deserved a position in mainstream history by various posthumous recognitions.

The USSR anthem - Paul Robeson ►

In the background video above (1945 victory parade in Moscow), Robeson presents the Soviet Union’s national anthem with a translated English lyric (let read the verses). I think, though it’s a very subjective idea, the song is the best anthem in the world, much more impressive than French’s La Marseillaise. The music’s still used as national anthem in Russia now, with a new lyric.

Don’t know why, but the music reminds me of spaces in the mesmerized text of Ernest Hemingway’s For whom the bell tolls (yet another American activist). As a child, I adored Hemingway’s writing style, and remembered many excerpts from his novel by heart, the spirits of International Brigades! The paragraph quoted on the left had been given a wonderful Vietnamese translation, it describes El Sordo’s final fighting on a hill, his thoughts on life and death, yet another picturesque Song for free men!

mùa xuân đầu tiên

| Categories: history, music | Tags: , ,

Thêm một bài trong chuỗi những điệu valse chào xuân. Một bài hát mà ai cũng biết: Mùa xuân đầu tiên. Mùa xuân đầu tiên là mùa xuân nào? Xin thưa đó là mùa xuân 1976, 20 năm kể từ sau vụ án Nhân Văn Giai Phẩm, nhạc sĩ Văn Cao mới sáng tác trở lại. Và cũng mất chừng ấy thời gian nữa để bài hát được chính thức công bố với công chúng (năm 1996 với tiếng hát Thanh Thuý).

Mùa xuân đầu tiên - Thanh Thuý ►

Mà tại sao lại gọi là Mùa xuân đầu tiên, tại sao lại là năm 1976, tại sao lại có những lời ca: từ đây người biết yêu người, mùa xuân mơ ước ấy xưa có về đâu…? Thật tội nghiệp con người nghệ sĩ Văn Cao, ông mong mỏi rằng mọi khổ đau đã qua đi, trong khi thực sự chúng mới bắt đầu!

Một vài bìa nhạc Văn Cao:

nhạc vàng – nhạc đỏ

| Categories: history, music | Tags: , , ,

Bài Lời người ra đi này sáng tác năm 1949 trong kháng chiến 9 năm, của tác giả Trần Hoàn, nguyên bộ trưởng Bộ Văn hoá Thông tin. Thời gian ấy, lòng người còn lý tưởng, tâm hồn còn tươi trẻ, những Lời người ra đi, Sơn nữ ca… là những ca khúc đẹp, để rồi sau 1975, tác giả không còn sáng tác được một bài hát nào cho ra hồn nữa.

Khí nhạc: Nguyễn Đình Nghĩa ►
Thanh nhạc: Ngọc Cẩm & Nguyễn Hữu Thiết ►

Hãy nghe lại dáng nhạc ca khúc này, qua hai phần trình bày, phần thanh nhạc của cặp song ca Ngọc Cẩm & Nguyễn Hữu Thiết (tôi rất thích những phong cách trình bày rất Vietnamese – native như thế này), và nhất là phần khí nhạc của sáo thần Nguyễn Đình Nghĩa. Nhạc vàng, nhạc đỏ, dù vàng hay đỏ cũng là hai mầu của lá cờ, dù là cờ của bên nào – hay – bên thì ít vàng nhiều đỏ, bên thì đỏ ít vàng nhiều – Việt cộng, Việt kiều, hai Việt cũng đều chỉ là Việt cả mà thôi!

hồ trường

| Categories: Chinese, history, literature | Tags: ,

南方歌曲

丈夫生不能披肝折檻，為世扶綱常。逍遥四海，胡為乎此鄉。回頭南望邈無極兮，天雲一色徒蒼蒼。立功不成，學不就，少壯有幾辰兮，坐視百年身世驅陰陽。撫掌狂歌問斯世，茫茫天地，安得知一知己兮，試來對酌佑予觴。予觴擲向東溟水，東溟之水萬隊起狂瀾。予觴擲向西山雨，西山之雨一陣何汪洋。予觴擲向北風去，北風揚沙走石飛殊方。予觴擲向南天霧，霧中有人開口一飲蘧然醉。天地宇宙渾相忘，予不醉矣，予行予志。男兒自古事桑蓬，何必窮愁泣枌梓。

Ngâm thơ là một loại hình kết hợp giữa văn chương và ca nhạc, và là loại hình nghệ thuật tôi hoàn toàn không biết gì. Những điệu ngâm Sa mạc, Bồng mạc, ca trù, ngâm Kiều, Tao đàn… tôi hoàn toàn mù mịt, dù trong nhà từ nhỏ được không ít lần thưởng thức ngâm thơ. Xin post ở đây một bản ngâm thơ tôi được biết, cũng là bài ba tôi thường ngâm mỗi lúc cao hứng, ngà ngà say. Đây là một bài thơ rất có giá trị trong văn học sử Việt Nam cận đại, và câu chuyện về người tác giả (dịch giả) của nó cũng bị cố tình lãng quên, không mấy ai được biết đến!

Hồ trường - Tôn Nữ Lệ Ba ►

Đại trượng phu không hay xé gan bẻ cật phù cương thường, Hà tất tiêu dao bốn bể lưu lạc tha phương. Trời Nam nghìn dặm thẳm. Non nước một màu sương. Chí chưa thành, danh chưa đạt. Trai trẻ bao lăm mà đầu bạc? Trăm năm thân thế bóng tà dương.

Vỗ gươm mà hát. Nghiêng bầu mà hỏi. Đất trời mang mang ai người tri kỷ? Lại đây cùng ta cạn một hồ trường.

Hồ trường! Hồ trường! Ta biết rót về đâu? Rót về Đông phương, nước biển Đông chảy xiết sinh cuồng loạn! Rót về Tây phương, mưa Tây phương từng trận chứa chan. Rót về Bắc phương, ngọn Bắc phong vi vút cát chạy đá dương! Rót về Nam phương, trời Nam mù mịt có người quá chén như điên như cuồng.

Nào ai tỉnh, nào ai say? Lòng ta ta biết, chí ta ta hay. Nam nhi sự nghiệp ư hồ thỉ, Hà tất cùng sầu đối cỏ cây!

Cũng lại là một người con của làng Bảo An, Điện Bàn, Quảng Nam, vùng đất địa linh nhân kiệt số một Việt Nam, Nguyễn Bá Trác tham gia phong trào Đông Du, trở về nước năm 1914, ông cùng Phạm Quỳnh duy trì tờ Nam Phong tạp chí. Sau đó, ông làm Tuần phủ Quãng Ngãi, rồi Tổng đốc Thanh Hóa, Bình Định. Ông bị Việt Minh xử bắn lúc họ cướp chính quyền, ở Huế năm 1945. Tên tuổi Nguyễn Bá Trác không được “chính sử” nhắc đến, nhưng chỉ nhờ vào một bài thơ Hồ Trường, cốt cách, chí khí con người ông vẫn còn được truyền tụng và ngưỡng mộ đâu đấy, như đại diện của một lớp “những người muôn năm cũ”.

Đến nay, đã có đủ cơ sở để tầm nguyên lời thơ Hồ Trường. Có thể đọc nguyên văn phần nghiên cứu của tác giả Phạm Hoàng Quân ở đây. Bài thơ Hồ trường – hóa ra lại là phần lời của một bài hát không tên, tạm gọi là Nam Phương ca khúc – được đăng tải trong thiên ký sự Hạn mạn du ký của tác giả Nguyễn Bá Trác trên Nam Phong tạp chí, phần chữ Hán (từ số 22 đến số 35, năm 1919 – 1920); sau đó thiên ký sự này được chính tác giả dịch sang chữ Việt và đăng tải ở phần chữ Việt của Nam Phong (từ số 38 đến số 43, năm 1920 – 1921). Nam phương ca khúc nằm ở chương 10 trong thiên ký sự này.

Vào khoảng năm 1912, khi lưu lạc ở Thượng Hải, tác giả gặp một người đồng hương cùng chí hướng, người này có giọng hát hay (giọng Quảng Đông). Một đêm nọ, hai người đi uống rượu. Rượu ngà ngà, Nguyên quân đứng dậy mà hát, ở bàn bên cạnh, một võ quan họ Lưu, người Trực Lệ, nghe điệu hát, sang hỏi là điệu gì, được trả lời: Ấy là một điệu đặc biệt ở phương nam, họ Lưu nói: nghe tiếng bi mà tráng, nhiều hơi khảng khái, nam phương mà có điệu hát đến thế ru? Sau đó họ Lưu xin người hát chép ra giấy lời ca ấy để giữ xem.

Nam phương ca khúc là một bài ca ấy không rõ tựa đề, không biết tác giả, Nguyễn Bá Trác đã chép lại toàn vẹn trong Hạn mạn du ký. Và khi Hạn mạn du ký được sang chữ Việt thì lời ca này đã được dịch rất thoát, linh động nương theo âm điệu tiếng Việt và có chỗ thêm tứ có chỗ bớt lời, khéo giữ được cái thần thái hào sảng của nguyên tác để có được một bài Hồ Trường như chúng ta được biết. (Hình bên phải: phần lời Hán văn của Nam Phương ca khúc, in trong Nam Phong tạp chí).

the sorrow of war – bảo ninh

| Categories: history, literature | Tags: , ,
In your head, in your head, they’re still fighting
(The Cranberries)

A chance of having a (not-so-) free week at home rereading the old books… The sorrow of war (or Nỗi buồn chiến tranh in Vietnamese). It’s the same dizzy and chilling feelings like 15 years before while the me-child was reading. Considered one of the best post-war Vietnamese novel, the author recalls and recites all experiences of a young soldier throughout the war, how he did survive through the blooding hell and the peace days thereafter.

Born to be the son of a famous linguist, the author has been very successful in using a narrative style to reflect all insides of the him-young soldier in battles. Though the techniques and motifs are not quite new (at least in my view), this is a unique writing in it’s own perspective.

Soldiers, guns, tanks – that is all normal to the Vietnamese. There is nothing special about war. War is what is normal. But peace? Peace is something very very special. As we had won, Kien thought, then that meant justice had won; that had been some consolation. Or had it? Think carefully; look at your own existence. Look carefully now at the peace we have, painful, bitter and sad. And look at who won the war… Justice may have won, but cruelty, death and inhuman violence had also won.

Have you ever asked yourself why we’re keep talking about war and keep acting as we’re in war all the time, don’t we have any better new things to think about? Why we still keep fighting with ourselves and with every others on every things in every moments. The answer is: with our Vietnamese, “war is normal, and peace’s a strange thing”, the “mother’s heritage” is so big and it is still passing to at least some more generations.

lời xin lỗi quá khứ muộn màng

| Categories: history, literature | Tags: ,

Trong các tác giả đạt giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh và giải thưởng nhà nước năm nay, có tên bốn người đặc biệt, bốn người được Chủ tịch nước ký quyết định tặng thưởng riêng, không có trong danh sách đề cử của Hội Nhà văn: Hoàng Cầm, Trần Dần, Phùng Quán và Lê Đạt.

Chỉ hai người còn sống để ghi nhận sự kiện này là nhà thơ Hoàng Cầm và Lê Đạt. Lật lại vụ án Nhân văn – Giai phẩm năm xưa, bút mực đã viết nhiều. Đày đọa cả một đời người, biết bao nhiêu là đau đớn! Cũng chỉ là một lời xin lỗi muộn màn và không chính thức trước quá khứ!

Em đi trong mưa cúi đầu nghiêng vai,
Người con gái mới mười chín tuổi.
Khổ thân em mưa nắng đi về lủi thủi,
Bóng chúng đè lên số phận từng người.
Em cúi đầu đi mưa rơi,
Những ngày ấy bao nhiêu thương xót.
Tôi bước đi, không thấy phố, không thấy nhà,
Chỉ thấy mưa sa trên màu cờ đỏ.
(Nhất định thắng – Trần Dần)

the vietnamese & american conscience

| Categories: Buddhism, Chinese, history | Tags: ,

釋一行禅師
付法偈

一向逢春得健行
行當無念亦無諍
心燈若照其元體
妙法東西可自成

Previously in one of my post, I’d mentioned about Nẻo về của ý – a writing of Thích Nhất Hạnh. The monk has become a big figure in Buddhism community, at least as seen by Westerner. He is now considered to be one of the two most influential leaders of Buddhism, beside the famous Dalai Lama.

…I think we have the Statue of Liberty on the East Coast, but in the name of freedom, people have done a lot of damage. I think we have to build a Statue of Responsibility on the West Coast in order to counter-balance…

Originated from Từ Hiếu, the most ancient pagoda in Huế, his life has been a realization of what had been fore-told as a kind of prophecy in the hand-down poem from his own master (the last two lines on the right – which could be literally translated as: If the lamp of our mind shines light on its own nature, Then the wonderful transmission of the Dharma will be realized in both East and West. Recently, he gave this interesting talk at the (US) Congress: